Research and development expenditure across European countries.
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP) (2022): highest in Sweden at 3.50%, lowest in Romania at 0.46%, across 29 European countries.
| Country | Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP) |
|---|---|
| Sweden | 3.50% |
| Belgium | 3.21% |
| Austria | 3.17% |
| Germany | 3.04% |
| Finland | 2.98% |
| Denmark | 2.88% |
| Iceland | 2.56% |
| France | 2.22% |
| Netherlands | 2.18% |
| Slovenia | 2.10% |
| Czechia | 1.89% |
| Estonia | 1.77% |
| Portugal | 1.69% |
| Ireland | 1.53% |
| Norway | 1.50% |
| Greece | 1.48% |
| Poland | 1.44% |
| Croatia | 1.42% |
| Spain | 1.40% |
| Hungary | 1.39% |
| Italy | 1.37% |
| Luxembourg | 1.07% |
| Lithuania | 1.06% |
| Slovakia | 0.98% |
| Latvia | 0.81% |
| Bulgaria | 0.75% |
| Cyprus | 0.70% |
| Malta | 0.58% |
| Romania | 0.46% |
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Data is sourced from official European statistics offices via the Nordic Data API and refreshed automatically. Reference periods are shown with each table — figures are always the latest complete period published, never estimates.