Government Debt in Europe by Country

General government gross debt across European countries.

General government gross debt (% of GDP) (2023): highest in Greece at 164.3%, lowest in Estonia at 20.2%, across 27 European countries.

CountryGeneral government gross debt (% of GDP)
Greece164.3%
Italy133.9%
France109.5%
Spain105.2%
Belgium102.5%
Portugal96.9%
Austria77.8%
Finland77.0%
Hungary73.3%
Cyprus71.1%
Slovenia68.3%
Germany62.3%
Croatia60.9%
Slovakia55.8%
Poland49.5%
Romania49.3%
Malta46.9%
Netherlands45.8%
Latvia44.4%
Czechia42.2%
Ireland41.8%
Lithuania37.1%
Denmark33.0%
Sweden32.2%
Luxembourg24.7%
Bulgaria22.9%
Estonia20.2%
Reference period: 2023. Source: Eurostat gov_10dd_edpt1.

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Data is sourced from official European statistics offices via the Nordic Data API and refreshed automatically. Reference periods are shown with each table — figures are always the latest complete period published, never estimates.